课程编号：06307011
学 时：56
学 分：3
课程类别：专业必修课（二）
面向对象：国际经济与贸易专业本科学生
课程英文名称：International Economics

一、课程的任务和目的
----任务：《International Economics》是国际经济与贸易专业的专业基础课。作为应用经济学的一个学科分支，它以国际经济关系为研究对象，主要阐述International Economics的基本理论、基本分析方法与基本分析工具，内容包括贸易理论、贸易政策、汇率和开放经济的宏观经济学以及宏观经济政策等。
----目的：通过本课程的学习，目的在于使学生在掌握International Economics的基本理论、基本分析方法和分析工具的基础上，深入理解现在和将来的国际事件，并能够利用这种理解来正确分析身边的问题和决定自己的政策立场，具备和国际竞争对手、合作伙伴沟通和对抗的能力。

二、课程教学内容与要求
PREFACE
（一）Introduction
----1.What Is International Economics About?
----2. International Economics: Trade and Money
----The intent of this chapter is to provide both an overview of the subject matter of international economics and to provide a guide to the organization of the text. It introduces what is international economics about and international economics: trade and money. After class, students must grasp the main content of international economics, familiar with the seven themes of international economics about, and understand that many of the central policy debates occurring today come under the rubric of one of these themes.
----Teaching focus: seven themes of international economics about.
----Teaching difficulties: the pattern of trade.
----PART I INTERNATIONAL TRADE THEORY
----（二）Labor Productivity and Comparative Advantage: The Ricardian Model
----1.The Concept of Comparative Advantage
----2.A One-Factor Economy
----3.Trade in a One-Factor World
----4.Misconceptions about Comparative Advantage
----5.Comparative Advantage with Many Goods
----6.Adding Transport Costs and Nontraded Goods
----7.Empirical Evidence on the Ricardian Model
----In this chapter we begin with a general introduction to the concept of comparative advantage, then proceed to develop a specific model of how comparative advantage determines the pattern of international trade. After class, students must grasp the concept of opportunity cost and comparative advantage, comparative advantage model and it’s conclusions, familiar with the application of this model, and understand the extension of this model.
----Teaching focus: the concept of comparative advantage; comparative advantage model.
----Teaching difficulties: three misconceptions of comparative advantage model.
----（三）Specific Factors and Income Distribution
----1.The Specific Factors Model
----2. International Trade in the Specific Factors Model
----3.Income Distribution and the Gains from Trade
----4.The Political Economy of Trade: A Preliminary View
----This chapter concentrates on a particular model, known as the specific factors model, that brings income distribution into the story in a particularly clear way. After class, students must grasp the gains from trade and the patterns of trade according to the specific factors model, familiar with the income distribution effects of this model, and understand the political economy of trade.
----Teaching focus: the specific factors model and international trade in this model.
----Teaching difficulties: patterns of trade and income distribution according to the specific factors model.
----（四）Resources and Trade: The Heckscher-Ohlin Model
----1.A Model of Two-Factor Economy
----2.Effects of International Trade Between Two-Factor Economies
----Case Study: North-South Trade and Income Inequality
----3.Empirical Evidence on the Heckscher-Ohlin Model
----To explain the role of resource differences in trade, this chapter examines a model in which resource differences are the only source of trade. This model shows that comparative advantage is influenced by the interaction between nations’ resources and the technology of production. After class, students must grasp main content of H-O theory and its patterns of trade, theorem of factor price equalization, familiar with the distribution of income effects of H-O theory , and understand the presumptions of H-O theory. ?
----Teaching focus: factor prices and goods prices; relative prices and the pattern of trade; trade and the distribution of income.
----Teaching difficulties: factor price equalization.
----（五）The Standard Trade Model
----1.A Standard Model of a Trading Economy
----Case Study: Has the Growth of Newly Industrializing Countries Hurt Advanced Nations?
----2.International Transfers of Income: Shifting the RD Curve
----Case Study: The Transfer Problem and the Asian Crisis
----3.Tariffs and Export Subsidies: Simultaneous Shifts in RS and RD
----This chapter stresses those insights from international trade theory that are not strongly dependent on the details of the economy’s supply side. We develop a standard model of a trading world economy of which the models of chapter 2,3,and 4 can be regarded as special cases and use this model to ask how a variety of changes in underlying parameters affect the world economy. After class, students must grasp causes and effects of economic growth and transfer of income, familiar with the effects of tariffs and export subsidies on RD and RS curve, and understand the presumptions of this model.
----Teaching focus: causes and effects of economic growth and transfer of income.
----Teaching difficulties: the effects of economic growth and transfer of income on RD and RS curve.
----（六）Economies of Scale, Imperfect Competition, and International Trade
----1.Economies of Scale and International Trade: An Overview
----2.Economies of Scale and Market Structure
----3.The Theory of Imperfect Competition
----4.Monopolistic Competition and Trade
----Case Study: Intraindustry Trade in Action: The North American Auto Pact of 1964
----5.Dumping
----Case Study: Antidumping As Protectionism
----6.The Theory of External Economies
----7.External Economies and International Trade
----This chapter begins with an overview of the concept of economies of scale and the economics of imperfect competition. We then turn to two models of international trade in which economies of scale and imperfect competition play a crucial role: the monopolistic competition model and the dumping model. The rest of the chapter addresses the role of a different kind of increasing returns, external economies, in determining trade patterns. After class, students must grasp the concept of economies of scale, monopolistic competition model and the patterns of trade based on monopolistic competition model, familiar with the theory of imperfect competition and dumping model, and understand the theory of external economies and trade based on external economies.
----Teaching focus: the concept of economies of scale; the theory of imperfect competition and monopolistic competition; the theory of external economies.
----Teaching difficulties: dumping model
----（七）International Factor Movements
----1.International Labor Mobility
----Case Study: Wage Convergence in the Age of Mass Migration
----Case Study: Immigration and the U.S. Economy
----2.International Borrowing and Lending
----3.Direct Foreign Investment and Multinational Firms
----Case Study: Foreign Direct Investment in the United States?
----This chapter is in three parts. We begin with a simple model of international labor mobility. We then proceed to an analysis of International borrowing and lending, in which we show that this lending can be interpreted as trade over time: The lending country gives up resources now to receive repayment in the future, while the borrower does the reverse. Finally, the last section of the chapter analyzes multinational corporations. After class, students must grasp causes and results of international lablor and capital mobility, familiar with the meaning of intertemporal comparative advantage, and understand the theory of multinational enterprise.
----Teaching focus: causes and results of international labor and capital mobility.
----Teaching difficulties: determining the relative factor prices and intertemporal comparative advantage.
----PART II INTERNATIONAL TRADE POLICY
----（八）The Instruments of Trade Policy
----1.Basic Tariff Analysis
----2.Costs and Benefits of a Tariff
----3.Other instruments of Trade Policy
----Case Study: Europe’s Common Agricultural Policy
----Case Study: An Import Quota in Practice: U.S. Sugar
----Case Study: A Voluntary Export Restraint in Practice
----4.The Effects of Trade Policy: A Summary
----This chapter examines the policies that governments adopt toward international trade, policies that involve a number of different actions. These actions taxes on some international transactions, subsidies for other transactions, legal limits on the value or volume of particular imports, and many other measures. After class, students must grasp the calculation of costs and benefits of a tariff and export subsidies , familiar with calculation of costs and benefits of? import quota, and understand the implications of trade policies and should be developed carefully.
----Teaching focus: costs and benefits of a tariff and export subsidies.
----Teaching difficulties: calculation of effective rate of protection, measuring consumer and producer Surplus.
----（九）The Political Economy of Trade Policy
----1.The Case for Free Trade
----Case Study: The Gains from 1992
----2.National Welfare Arguments Against Free Trade
----3.Income Distribution and Trade Policy
----4.International Negotiations and Trade Policy
----Case Study: Trade Diversion in South America
----In this chapter we examine some of the reasons governments either should not or, at any rate, do not base their policy on economists’ cost-benefit calculations. The first step toward understanding actual trade policies is to ask what is the case for free trade? With this question answered, arguments for intervention can be examined as challenges to the assumptions underlying the case for free trade. After class, students must grasp arguments for and against free trade, familiar with electoral competition model, and understand the advantages of negotiation.
----Teaching focus: arguments for and against free trade
----Teaching difficulties: the domestic market failure argument against free trade
----（十）Trade Policy in Developing Countries
----1.Import-Substituting Industrialization
----Case Study: The End of Import Substitution in Chief
----2.Problems of the Dual Economy
----Case Study: Economic Dualism in India
----3.Export-Oriented Industrialization: the East Asian Miracle
----This chapter discusses the characteristic trade policy in developing countries. The first part of this chapter describes the rational for this strategy of import-substituting industrialization. The second part is about problem of economic dualism gives rise to some special policy issues. The third part is devoted to the interpretation of this” East Asian miracle”, and its implications for international trade policy. After class, students must grasp basic theory of import-substituting industrialization and the symptoms of dualism, familiar with the characteristic trade policy in developing countries in different period, and understand the East Asian Miracle.
----Teaching focus: basic theory of import-substituting industrialization; problems of the dual economy
----Teaching difficulties: dual labor markets and trade policy
----（十一）Controversies in Trade Policy
----1.Sophisticated Arguments for Activist Trade Policy
----Case Study: When the Chips Were Up
----2.Globalization and Low-Wage Labor
----Case Study: The Ship breakers of Alang
----This chapter considers two controversies in trade policy that challenge free trade. The first regards strategic trade policy. The second controversy regards the recent debate over the effects of globalization on workers, the environment, and sovereignty.? While the anti-globalization arguments often lack sound structure, their visceral nature demonstrates that the spread of trade is extremely troubling to some groups. After class, students must grasp sophisticated arguments for activist trade policy and the problems of Brand-Spencer analysis, familiar with the reasons an results of Anti-Globalization Movement, and understand the effects of globalization.
----Teaching focus: sophisticated arguments for activist trade policy.
----Teaching difficulties: imperfect competition and strategic trade policy
----PART III EXCHANGE RATES AND OPEN-ECONOMY MACROECONOMICS
----（十二）National Income Accounting and the Balance of Payments
----1.The National Income Accounts
----2.National Income Accounting for an Open Economy
----Case Study: Do Government Budget Deficits Worsen the Current Account?
----3.The Balance of Payment Accounts
----Case Study: Is the United States the World’s Biggest Debtor?
----This chapter takes the first step of in our study of international macroeconomics by explaining the accounting concepts economists use to describe a country’s level of production and its international transactions. We have to master two related and essential tools: national income accounting and balance of payments accounting. After class, students must grasp the composition of national income accounting, familiar with the fundamental balance of payments identity, and understand the relationship between the current account, savings, investment, and the government budget deficit.
----Teaching focus: national income accounting in a closed economy; the fundamental balance of payments identity
----Teaching difficulties: the national income identity for an open economy.
----（十三）Price Levels and the Exchange Rate in the Long Run
----1.The Law of One Price
----2.Purchasing Power Parity
----3.A Long-Run Exchange Rate Model Based on PPP
----4.Empirical Evidence on PPP and the Law of One Price
----5.Explaining the Problems with PPP
----Case Study: Why Price Levels Are Lower in Poorer Countries
----6.Beyond Purchasing Power Parity: A General Model of Long-Run Exchange Rates
----Case Study: Why Does the Yen Keep Rising?
----7.International Interest Rate Differences and the Real Exchange Rate
----8.Real Interest Parity
----In this chapter, we begin our analysis by discussing the theory of purchasing power parity. Next, we examine reasons why PPP may fail to give accurate long-run predictions and how the theory must sometimes be modified to account for supply or demand shifts in countries’ output market. Finally, we look at what our extended PPP theory predicts about how changes in money and output markets affect exchange and interest rates. After class, students must grasp the law of one price and a long-run exchange-rate model based on PPP, familiar with the relationship between PPP and the law of one price, absolute PPP and relative PPP and the Fisher effect., and understand the assumption of PPP and the relationship between international interest rate differences and the real exchange rate.
----Teaching focus: the relationship between PPP and the law of one price; a long-run exchange-rate model based on PPP.
----Teaching difficulties: absolute PPP and relative PPP; the Fisher effect.
----（十四）Output and the Exchange Rate in the Short Run
----1.Determinants of Aggregate Demand in an Open Economy
----2.The Equation of Aggregate Demand
----3.How Output Is Determined in the Short Run
----4.Output Market Equilibrium in the Short Run: the DD Schedule
----5.Asset Market Equilibrium in the Short Run: the AA Schedule
----6. Short-Run Equilibrium for an Open Economy: Putting the DD and AA Schedules Together
----7.Temporary Changes in Monetary and Fiscal Policy
----8.Inflation Bias and Other Problems of Policy Formulation
----9.Permanent Shifts in Monetary and Fiscal Policy
----10.Macroeconomic Policies and the Current Account
----11.Gradual Trade Flow Adjustment and Current Account Dynamics
----This chapter helps us to understand the complicated factors that cause output, exchange rates, and inflation to change by completing the macroeconomic model. Our discussion combines what we have learned about asset markets and the long-run behavior of exchange rates with a new element, a theory of how the output market adjusts to demand changes when product prices in the economy are themselves slow to adjust. After class, students must grasp output and asset market equilibrium in the short run., familiar with short-run equilibrium for an open economy, and understand some discussion of real-world modifications of the basic model..
----Teaching focus: output and asset market equilibrium in the short run.
----Teaching difficulties: deriving the DD and AA schedule
----（十五）Fixed Exchange Rates and Foreign Exchange Intervention
----1.Why Study Fixed Exchange Rates?
----2.Central Bank Intervention and the Money Supply
----3.How the Central Bank Fixes the Exchange Rate
----4.Stabilization Policies with a Fixed Exchange Rate
----5.Balance of Payments Crisis and Capital Flight
----6.Managed Floating and Sterilized Intervention
----7.Reserve Currencies in the World Monetary System
----8.The Gold Standard
----In this chapter we study how central banks intervene in the foreign exchange market to fix exchange rates and how macroeconomic policies work when exchange rates are fixed. The chapter will help us understand the role of central bank foreign exchange intervention in the determination of exchange rates under a system of managed floating. After class, students must grasp the effects of fixed exchanged rate and how the central bank fixes the exchange rate, familiar with various types of monetary policy regimes under which the degree of exchange-rate flexibility is limited, and understand the symmetric monetary adjustment under a gold standard.
----Teaching focus: the effects of fixed exchanged rate.
----Teaching difficulties: how the central bank fixes the exchange rate.
----PART IV INTERNATIONAL MACROECONOMIC POLICY
----（十六）The International Monetary System, 1870-1973
----1.Macroeconomic Policy Goals in an Open Economy?
----2.International Macroeconomic Policy Under the Gold Standard, 1870-1914
----3.The Interwar Years, 1918-1939
----Case Study: The International Gold Standard and the Great Depression
----4.The Bretton Woods System and the International Monetary Fund
----5.Internal and External Balance Under the Bretton Woods System
----6.Analyzing Policy Options Under the Bretton Woods System
----7.The External Balance Problem of the United States
----Case Study: The Decline and Fall of the Bretton Woods System
----8.Worldwide Inflation and the Transition to Floating Rates
----This chapter examines how the international monetary system influenced macroeconomic policy-making and performance during three periods: the gold standard era(1870-1914), the interwar period(1914-1939), and the post-world war II years during which exchange rates were fixed under the Bretton Woods agreement(1946-1973). After class, students must grasp the manner in which each system addressed, or failed to address, the requirements of internal and external balance for its participants., familiar with the function of international monetary system, and understand the external balance problem of the United States.
----Teaching focus: the manner in which each system addressed, or failed to address, the requirements of internal and external balance for its participants.
----Teaching difficulties: the external balance problem of the United States.
----（十七）Macroeconomic Policy and Coordination Under Floating Exchange Rates
----1.The Case for Floating Exchange Rates
----2.The Case Against Floating Exchange Rates
----Case Study: Exchange Rate Experience between the Oil Shocks, 1973-1980
----3.A Two-Country Model of Macroeconomic Interdependence Under a Floating Rate
----Case Study: Disinflation, Growth, and Crisis, 1980-1999
----4.What Has Been Learned Since 1973?
----5.Are Fixed Exchange Rates Even an Option for Most Countries?
----6.Directions for Reform
----In this chapter our models of fixed and floating exchange rates are applied to examine the recent performance of floating rates and to compare the macroeconomic policy problems of different exchange rate regimes. After class, students must grasp the content and the function mechanism of floating exchange rate, familiar with a set of theoretical arguments for and against floating exchange rates, and understand the relative attractiveness of floating exchange rates in face of the first oil shock in 1973.
----Teaching focus: the content and the function mechanism of floating exchange rate.
----Teaching difficulties: the function mechanism of floating exchange rate.
----（十八）The Global Capital Market: Performance and Policy Problems
----1.The International Capital Market and the Gains from Trade
----2.International Banking and the International Capital Market
----3.Eurodollars and Other Eurocurrencies
----4.Regulating International Banking
----Case Study: The Day the World Almost Ended
----5.How Well Has the International Capital Market Performed?
----This chapter discusses three main questions about the international capital market. First, how has this well-oiled global financial network enhanced countries’ gains from international trade? Second, what caused the rapid growth in international financial activity that has occurred since the early 1960s? And third, how can policymakers minimize problems raised by a worldwide capital market without sharply reducing the benefits it provides? After class, students must grasp the international capital market, involving Eurocurrencies, offshore bond and equity trading, and International Banking Facilities, familiar with the issues of regulating capital markets, and understand the recent performance of one component of the international capital market.
----Teaching focus: three types of gains from trade; the structure and the growth of the international capital market.
----Teaching difficulties: issues of regulating capital markets.
三、对学生能力培养的要求
----1．掌握International Economics的基本理论、基本分析方法和分析工具。
----2．正确分析各种国际事件。
----3．具备能够与国际竞争对手、合作伙伴沟通和对抗的能力。
四、学时分配
----总学时56学时，其中理论56学时，实践0学时，分配如下：

五、与各课程的联系
----国际经济学是一门理论性较强的专业基础课，其先修课程是西方经济学（微观、宏观）、货币银行学、国际金融、国际贸易，其后续课程是国际投资、国际贸易实务。国际经济学主要是借助西方经济学的基本分析工具分析和验证国际贸易和金融理论，提出分析国际经济问题的基本方法，为进行国际投资和贸易实务操作奠定理论基础。
六、考核方式
----本课程为考试课程，成绩由四部分组成：
----1.平时成绩：依据平时作业、课堂表现及纪律情况打分，占20%
----2.讨论课成绩：两次讨论课，依据提交报告和讨论情况给分，占10％
----3.其中考成绩：占10％
----4.期末考试成绩：采取闭卷笔试方式，占60%
七、教材与参考书
教　材：
----Paul R. Krugman, Maurice Obstfeld, International Economics：Theory and Policy, 5th ed., Published by Addison Wesley Longman, Inc. In 2005
参考书：
----[1]Dennis R. Appleyard, Alfred J. Field, Jr. International Economics，4th ed. Published by the McGraw-Hill Companies, Znc. In 2002.
----[2] Robert J. Carbaugh. International Economics,8th ed. Published by China Machine Press. In2004.
----[3]薛敬孝等著.国际经济学.北京：高等教育出版社.2004年3月出版
----[4]华民著.国际经济学.上海：复旦大学出版社.1998年7月出版
----[5]张伯伟主编.国际经济学学习与习题指南.北京：高等教育出版社.2006年3月出版
八、说明
----1．应以各种不同方式和方法（如启发式、讨论式、探究式、活动式、联想式等）调动学生学习积极性，启发学生主动获取知识，深入理解和掌握课程内容。
----2．在教学中应注意采用多媒体教学，丰富课堂内容，扩大课堂信息量，
----3．采取讨论课教学，培养学生灵活运用国际经济学基本原理方法分析问题解决问题的能力。要求学生独立思考，课堂语言以英语为主，以不同方式进行互动交流讨论。教师在整个过程中要善于启发引导学生积极思考问题，及时做好总结，鼓励创新思维。
----4．课外与课内学时比例：2﹕1